Christians love to keep pointing out that stories found in Islamic sources could actually also be found in earlier sources (see here) and by Allah's grace there have also been Muslims refuting these claims (see here).
If
the Prophet (peace be upon him) were copying from the Bible blindly
then we would expect to see that he would have also copied some of the
errors in the Bible.
The Bible mistakenly calls the king that lived during the time of Joseph 'Pharaoh' (e.g. see the book of Genesis, Chapter 41, Verses 14, 25 & 46) while he really shouldn't be called Pharaoh. This is because the Egyptians did not call their ruler "Pharaoh" until the 18th Dynasty (c. 1552 - 1295 BC) in the New Kingdom Period.
But the Qur'an correctly labels him only as 'king' (The Holy Qur'an, Chapter 12, Verses 43, 50, 54, 72 & 76) The Bible's use of the term 'Pharaoh' is an anachronism, while the Qur'an's usage of the term 'king' isn't.
For
an excellent online article to read on the issue please refer to the
article "Qur'anic Accuracy Vs. Biblical Error: The Kings & Pharaohs
Of Egypt", available here.
The Psalmist says that nothing can escape the sun's heat (read this), mistakenly showing that he didn't understand the vastness of the universe and how things in the universe are not affected at all by the Sun's heat. The Qur'an says no such thing. As a matter of fact, the Qur'an indirectly goes against this by speaking about the darkness found in the depth of the seas in Chapter 24, Verse 40. Thus, the Qur'an speaks about some places in which there is no light.
Christians who put forth these arguments don't realize how self referentially incoherent their argument actually is.
The assertion that allegedly "numerous" stories in the Quran are "borrowed" from Jewish Talmudic sources and Christian apocryphal writings appears to be based on the dubious underlying presumption that similarity implies "borrowing." For example, consider the similarities/parallels between certain Biblical stories and those found in the Near Eastern literature.
Some notable examples:
- Israel's ancestors and the Nuzi texts (See here)
- Biblical laws (Exodus 21-23) and the Code of Hammurabi (laws 195-214)
- Biblical texts (the Ten Commandments and the structure of Deuteronomy) and the Hittite Suzerainty treaties and Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon (See here and here)
The latter are undoubtedly far earlier than the Biblical accounts and both direct and indirect connections have been posited between the two. The parallels in the last example are particularly striking, with most scholars agreeing that Proverbs 22:17-24:22 and Amenemope are clearly connected in some way (reminder: Amenemope is older than Proverbs).
By
Bassam Zawadi
''It’s a common assertion to sometimes hear missionaries and some Jewish critics making the claim that the Quran plagiarizes from the Bible. The reasoning behind this claim is that many of the same stories and figures mentioned in the Bible, are repeated in the Quran.
Now
the irony is that if the Quran had different stories about these
figures and what happened, these same critics would use this to argue
against the Quran, that the Quran has come from a different source (god)
from the one that revealed the Bible. In fact, this is exactly what the
critics argue, because while many of the same stories are retold in the
Quran, there are some areas where the story differs from that of the
Bible. For example in the Quran it was Ishmael, not Isaac, who was the
sacrificial son of Abraham. The father of Abraham is also different in
the Bible and the Quran. Incidents regarding Solomon are also different
between the Bible and the Quran and so forth.
So
the critics allege that these differences is because the author of the
Quran is in fact not the same author of the Bible, thus Islam is
incorrect when it asserts that it follows the same God as the previous
peoples (Jews and Christians). So on one hand when the Quran has the
same story, it’s plagiarizing, on the other hand, when it has a somewhat
different take on what happened, it’s proof that it’s false! This is a
classic example of you’re damned if you do, and damned if you don’t;
it’s a lose-lose situation no matter what.
Now
what about the similarities between the Quran and the Bible, did the
Quran simply copy these stories from the Bible as an act of
plagiarizing? The answer is no, at the end of the day, the author and
the one who revealed the Quran, is the same one who was involved in the
previous revelations, thus we would expect to find similarities. The God
of the Quran is the same God who commanded Moses to free the Israelites
from Egypt, the same God that gave Moses his miracles and signs against
the Pharaoh. The Quran doesn’t claim to be a different or new
revelation in the sense that it’s bringing something totally different,
rather the Quran as it says is reminding people.
Moreover
if the Quran was simply copying from the Bible, and this was supposedly
being done by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), why would he then change
some of the stories? It makes no sense that if he has no divine source
behind him, to be changing stories and some specific details, which can
then be used as an argument against him later on. Rather if he was a
false prophet, he would have copied the stories and left them as they
are, and then add his own touch to it by adding that he’s now from that
line to continue from where the others left off. So why the need to
change the stories (an argument the critics bring up) if he was simply
plagiarizing? That makes no sense at all. If the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
wanted to win followers from the Christians and Jews (as a false
prophet), the best and easiest way of doing so would be to conform
completely to what is in their scriptures, rather than diverging on some
(key) areas.
It
makes no sense from somebody who is (supposedly) disingenuous with
ulterior motives to plagiarize from another text for these disingenuous
ulterior motives, to then decide to change parts of the story from the
texts he’s supposedly plagiarizing from, thus losing him followers and
bringing unnecessary arguments against him.
In
conclusion, the similarities between the Bible and the Quran is not
down to plagiarizing, but rather it is down to both books having the
same author-source, the one who revealed and was involved in the
incidents during the times of the Bible, is the same one who revealed
and was involved during the time of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh).'' ( (BY
Similarities
between the Qur’an and the Bible does not necessarily mean that the
former has been copied from the latter. In fact it gives evidence that
both of them are based on a common third source; all divine revelations
came from the same source - the one universal God. No matter what human
changes were introduced into some of these Judeo-Christian and other
older religious scriptures that had distorted their originality, there
are some areas that have remained free from distortion and thus are
common to many religions.
It
is true that there are some similar parallels between the Qur’an and
the Bible but this is not sufficient to accuse Muhummad (pbuh) of
compiling or copying from the Bible. The same logic would then also be
applicable to teachings of Christianity and Judaism and thus one could
wrongly claim that Jesus (pbuh) was not a genuine Prophet (God forbid)
and that he simply copied from the Old Testament.
The
similarities between the two signify a common source that is one true
God and the continuation of the basic message of monotheism and not that
the later prophets have plagiarised from the previous prophets.
If
someone copies during an examination he will surely not write in the
answer sheet that he has copied from his neighbour or Mr. XYZ. Prophet
Muhummad (pbuh) gave due respect and credit to all the previous prophets
(pbut). The Qur’an also mentions the various revelations given by
Almighty God to different prophets
The
Bible says in chapter 1, verses 3-5, of Genesis that the phenomenon of
day and night was created on the first day of creation of the Universe
by God. The light circulating in the universe is the result of a complex
reaction in the stars; these stars were created according to the Bible
(Genesis chapter 1 verse 14 to 19) on the fourth day. It is illogical to
mention the result that is the light (the phenomenon of day and night)
was created on the first day of Creation when the cause or source of the
light was created three days later. Moreover the existence of evening
and morning as elements of a single day is only conceivable after the
creation of the earth and its rotation around the sun. In contrast with
the contents of the Bible on this issue, the Qur’an does not give any
unscientific sequence of Creation. Hence it is absolutely absurd to say
that Prophet Muhummad (pbuh) copied the passages pertaining to the
creation of the universe from the Bible but missed out this illogical
and fantastic sequence of the Bible.
According
to the Bible, Book of Genesis, chapter 1, verses 11-13, vegetation was
created on the third day along with seed-bearing grasses, plants and
trees; and further on as per verses 14-19, the sun was created on the
fourth day. How is it scientifically possible for the vegetation to have
appeared without the presence of the sun, as has been stated in the
Bible?
The Bible, the Quran, and Science |
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