The explanation to the ayahs that puzzled you in 4:24 is found in 60:10.
The Verse 4:24 has to be read within context:
[4.23] Forbidden to you are your mothers and your daughters and your sisters and your
paternal aunts and your maternal aunts and brothers’ daughters and
sisters’ daughters and your mothers that have suckled you and your
foster-sisters and mothers of your wives and your step-daughters who are
in your guardianship, (born)
of your wives to whom you have gone in, but if you have not gone in to
them, there is no blame on you (in marrying them), and the wives of your
sons who are of your own loins and that you should have two sisters
together, except what has already passed; surely Allah is Forgiving,
Merciful.
[4.24]
And all married women except those whom your right hands possess (this
is) Allah’s ordinance to you, and lawful for you are (all women) besides
those, provided that
you seek (them) with your property, taking (them) in marriage not
committing fornication. Then as to those whom you profit by, give them
their dowries as appointed; and there is no blame on you about what you
mutually agree after what is appointed; surely Allah is Knowing, Wise.
[4.25] And whoever among you has not within his power ampleness of means to marry
free believing women, then (he may marry) of those whom your right
hands possess from among your believing maidens; and Allah knows best
your faith: you are (sprung) the one from the other; so marry them with
the permission of their masters,
and give them their dowries justly, they being chaste, not fornicating,
nor receiving paramours; and when they are taken in marriage,
then if they are guilty of indecency, they shall suffer half the
punishment which is (inflicted) upon free women. This is for him among
you who fears falling into evil; and that you abstain is better for you,
and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
Explanation
One
has to read all the adjoining verses in conjunction. Verses 4:23 to
4:25 are about women that a man is forbidden to MARRY. Verse 4:24 is
about married slave women who had been captured at the battlefield
itself and whose previous marriages were made null and void because they
were unable to go back or had converted to Islam in captivity and
didn’t want to go back to their non-Muslim husbands. Muslim women
suffered the same fate when they were captured by the enemies. That is
why Quran hints at this and says that Muslim should not grieve over what
they have lost. If there was a treaty, the prisoners of war were always
exchanged. It is only when there was none, that prisoners of war were
taken as slaves. Even so, one month had to pass before a slave woman
could marry another man, allowing sufficient time for her family to seek
her freedom, if they wanted to. These women were either freed, released
on payment of ransom, or exchanged with other Muslim prisoners held by
the enemy. Here, Quran is allowing a Muslim man to MARRY from among
these women. Verse 4:25 clearly explains this and creates an additional
condition that besides the consent of the woman, the consent of her
master/guardian should also be obtained. The master/guardian was not
always the person who slept with her. This is clearly exemplified in
this Hadith: “There are three people for whom there is a double reward; a
person belonging to the Ahl al-Kitab who believes in his own
prophet and believes in Muhammad, and the slave owned by another when he
performs his obligations towards Allah and his obligations towards his
master, and the man who has a slave girl with him, that he teaches her
good manners and instructs her well in polite accomplishment, and he
educates her and gives her a good education, then he sets her free and
marries her off.” This tradition is repeated in Bukhari at least six
times.
See also Verse 4:19, which says:
[4.19]
O you who believe! it is not lawful for you that you should take women
as heritage against (their) will, and do not straiten them in order that
you may take part of what you have given them, unless they are guilty
of manifest indecency, and treat them kindly; then if you hate them, it may be that you dislike a thing while Allah has placed abundant good in it.
SOURCE:
Therefore,
any previous marriage contract that a woman had with disbelievers was
not recognised in this context (and was effectively dissolved). They
arguably consisted of women who had come forward to be kept in 'protection and honour' after fleeing as emigrants from their previous husbands and lives. Their answerability in marriage was also reduced.
4:24
And the already protected from the women, except those maintained by
your oaths; the book of God over you; and permitted for you is what is
beyond this, if you are seeking with your money to be protected and not
for unlawful sex. As for those whom you have already had joy with, then
you shall give them their dowries as an obligation. There is no sin upon
you for what you agree on after the obligation. God is Knowledgeable,
Wise.
The correct translation is: "....except those committed to you by oath" , NOT "those whom you rightfully possess" or "those whom your hands possess".
The
ayah 66:10 answers all your questions, and puts all misconceptions
about what "malakat aymanukum" means to rest. The ayah is telling us, in
words that are as clear as the sun, that when the wives of
disbelieveing men embrace the faith, they can no longer tolerate to
remain living with their husbands, and so they may eventually emigrate
to seek asylum with faithful men. The faithful swear an OATH to take
these women under their wing, because they no longer have anyone to care
for them. Technically these women are now "committed by OATH". This is
an example of "ma malakat aymanukum". The faithfull men can marry these women, if they mutually agree, but they must pay back the dowries to their original husbands.
SOURCE:
Controversial Islam
24- By Allah's decree on you, [free] women are also protected, except for those under your power (to whom you have the right to marry), [forbidden for you]. It is permissible for you to ask for the rest of these [women counted] with your wealth [provided that you are not unchaste, but are protected [honourable]. Now, if you want to get along/benefit from them [women] with him (by marriage)², give them their mahr as an obligatory [condition]. There is no sin/wrong inclination for you to agree on it after (this) has been made obligatory. Certainly, Allah [from the very beginning] was a constant knower, a judge/wise.
¹: The expression "have your power" refers to women who, according to one explanation, are "possessed through marriage". (Fahreddin Razi) According to another explanation, "two or three of four free women" are women who are allowed to marry. (Mukatil bin Süleyman, Fahreddin Razi) in this case, what is meant by the expression "muhsenat=محصنات" is free women, as described in the next verse. (Fahreddin Razi) Mukatil [v. 767] says that these are "all women".
The meaning given in line with these explanations is as follows: "Marriage with all remaining free women (for example, polytheist women) is haram, except for the women with whom you have permission to marry."
According to another explanation, what is meant by the expression "what you have" is women who migrated themselves, but whose spouses did not. Verse 10 of Mümtehine states that these women are halal when they are married. (Maturidi)
In the tradition, it was said that these people were concubines and the phrase "the ones you had as prisoners of war" was added to the beginning of the verse. However, there is no such expression in the verse, it is just an interpretation. The comments above are more suitable for the completeness of the Qur'an. Because, according to Muhammad verse 4, captives must be released. According to the 33rd verse of Nur, it is forbidden to force women, including concubines, into something they do not want. That being the case, how can this expression be interpreted as being attached to the concubines and having a forced union with them? This neither fits the conscience nor fits the integrity of the Qur'an.
²: Since the context of the verse is related to the provision of marriage, the pronoun (به) here refers to the meaning of "marriage".by h.öndeş
Firstly, you are absolutely correct that from a Quran's perspective, a woman can only marry one husband at a time. [1]
Secondly, in the article [2] below, I shared the following with regards to the category of people known as 'what your right hands possesses'
"Firstly,
the term ‘ma malakat aymanukum’ (Literally: What your right hands
possesses) is not gender specific and as an idiomatic expression,
applies to ‘those that one keeps in protection and honour’. This can
include captives, slave girls, maidens, servants (fatayatikum 4:25)
etc. Please note that the ‘right hand’ has a somewhat glorified meaning
in the Quran which is apparent from its usage in different contexts
(e.g. those on the right hand in heaven; books of one’s deeds given to
the right hand etc).
It is also apt to note that affluent women
would have also most likely to have possessed men slaves. This is
confirmed by the usage of the idiomatic expression 'ma malakat
aymanuhunna' when used in reference to women's possession. It would be
inconceivable to conclude on the basis of this expression, the
permissibility of women to engage in ‘free sex’ with their male slaves
or captives."
Now with regards your question as to who the 'right hand possess' would
imply in the context of being part of the 'exception' of those women
already married, then one example would be the one you have quoted:
"...a
non-believing married women who turned to be a believing women either
after a war or she left or ran away from her previous life out of her
own choice without declaring divorce and wanted to marry a believing
man?..."
This
suggestion finds support in another verse where it is recognised that a
situation had existed where women were leaving their idolatrous lives /
partners and starting anew under the covenant of true Islam. Believers
were encouraged to assist these women by not sending them back to their
disbelieving partners and to give back to their previous partners
whatever was due to them. This is explained in the verse below:
060:010
"O
you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as
emigrants, examine them. Allah is most knowing as to their faith. And if
you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the
disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful
[husbands] for them. But give the disbelievers what they have spent. And
there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them
their due compensation. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving
women, but ask for what you have spent and let them ask for what they
have spent. That is the judgement of Allah ; He judges between you. And
Allah is Knowing and Wise." (Sahih International)
Therefore,
any previous marriage contract that a woman had with disbelievers was
not recognised in this context (and was effectively dissolved). They
arguably consisted of women who had come forward to be kept in 'protection and honour' after fleeing as emigrants from their previous husbands and lives. Their answerability in marriage was also reduced.
As I mentioned in the article [2] below, there is a different between 'free believing women' and those that enter marriage based on their dire circumstances and on compromises.
"There
remains a crucial difference between a marriage based on complete
freedom of choice exacted by a 'free believer' without circumstantial
influence and one based on compromises, incentives such as freedom,
status and financial stability gained through a compromise marriage.
These differences in choices based on free and non-free parties are
clearly recognized. Hence the noted difference in answerability as well.
004:025
“And
whoever is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them
marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. God knows
best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them
by permission of their folk, and give to them their portions in
kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if
when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur
the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case).
This is for him among you who fears to commit sin. But to have patience
would be better for you. God is Forgiving, Merciful” [2]
I hope that helps, God willing
Joseph
4:24
And the already protected from the women, except those maintained by
your oaths; the book of God over you; and permitted for you is what is
beyond this, if you are seeking with your money to be protected and not
for unlawful sex. As for those whom you have already had joy with, then
you shall give them their dowries as an obligation. There is no sin upon
you for what you agree on after the obligation. God is Knowledgeable,
Wise.
4:25
And whoever of you cannot afford to marry the protected female
believers, then from those maintained by your oaths of the believing
young women. And God is more aware of your faith, some of you to each
other. You shall marry them with the permission of their parents and
give them their dowries in kindness; to be protected, not for illicit
sex or taking lovers. If they become protected, then any of them who
come with lewdness shall have half of what is the punishment for those
already protected. This is for those who are concerned about deviating
from among you. But if you are patient it is better for you, and God is
Forgiver, Merciful.
wal-muḥ'ṣanātu
The correct translation is: "....except those committed to you by oath" , NOT "those whom you rightfully possess" or "those whom your hands possess".
The phrase in question here: "ma malakat aymanukum"
The Arabic word "aymanukum" أيمانكم is plural for "yameenukum" , which can mean either "your right hand" , or "you oath".
There
are no less than a dozen ayahs of the Quran, where this EXACT same word
appears, and is correctly translated by the so-called "scholars of
tradition" as meaning: OATHS.
Here are some examples:
{And do not make Allah the subject of your casual OATHS (aymanukum). Be
righteous and secure and reconcile among the people; and Allah is
Hearer, Knower * Allah will not call you to account for your casual OATHS (aymanukum); but He will call you to account for what has entered your hearts. Allah is 'ghafurun', 'raheem'} .... [2:224,225]
another:
{And do not be like she who unraveled her knitting after it had become strong, by breaking your OATHS (aymanukum) as
a means of deception between you. That a nation shall be more numerous
than another nation, for Allah puts you to the test by it. And He will
show you on the Era of Resurrection that which you were disputing in} ..... [16:92]
another:
{And do not use your OATHS (aymanukum) as
a means of deception between you, that a foot will slip after it has
been made firm, and you will taste the evil of turning away from the
path of Allah, and you will have a great retribution} ........[16:94]
another:
{O you 'nabi' (Muhamad)!, why
do you make unlawful what Allah has made lawful for you, seeking to
please your wives? Allah is 'ghafurun', 'raheem' * Allah has already
given the law, (in previously revealed ayahs), regarding the cancellation of your OATHS (aymanukum). And Allah is your 'rabb' (developper and sustainer), and He is the Knowledgeable, the Wise.} .......... [66:1,2]
The
above two ayahs (aside from the fact that they completely destroy the
fallacious belief that Muhamad was infallible), are a clear reference to
earlier revelations concerning how a believer can escape from a binding
OATH (yameen) he or she had made. (See 5:89 for the details of this,
and another clear example of how "aymanukum" means OATHS).
The
phrase: "Ma malakt aymanukum" which appears many times in the Quran, is
reffering to those unfortunate people (men AND women), who are
financially dependant, and have no-one to care for them. In the case of
the women, the Quran tells us that the believing (muslim) man can take
such women UNDER HIS OATH to care for them. Technically, it is a bond
akin to , or which can eventually lead to marriage.
The phrase does NOT mean "slaves that your right hands possess".
The
most powerfull evidence that exposes the corruption crimes of the
classical scholars (who have sworn not to let the Quran speak for
itself, but to let Abu Huraira explain it for them), is the following:
{And for each We have made inheritors for what was left behind by the parents and the relatives. And THOSE BOUND BY YOUR OATHS ('allazheena a'akidat aymanukum') you shall give them their portion. Allah is a witness over all things} .......... [4:33]
In
the above ayah, we see Allah including "those bound by oaths" (men AND
women), among those who should be given a portion of inheritance.
Please analyse it for your self, and reflect on its meaning.
As
you can see, the word "right hand" is used in Arabic as an idiomatic
expression meaning "sworn OATH". The classical scholars know this very
well. But because of their criminal dark hearts, hypocricy, chauvanism,
and sexual deviance, they intentionally interpret the expression as
"right hand" or "possessed slave concubines", everytime the subject deals with the laws of marriage, in order to grant themselves the license to hold an unlimited number of sexual partners
{O you who believe, if the believing women come emigrating to you, then you shall test them. Allah is fully aware of their faith. Thus, if you establish that they are believers, then you shall not return them to the rejecters ( i.e: their husbands). They are no longer lawful for one another. And return the dowries that were paid (by their husbands). And there is no sin upon you to marry them, if you have paid their dowries to them. And do not keep disbelieving wives, and ask back what dowries you paid. And let them ask back what dowries they had paid. Such is the judgment of Allah; He judges between you. God is Knowledgeable, Wise.} .......... [60:10]
The
ayah 66:10 answers all your questions, and puts all misconceptions
about what "malakat aymanukum" means to rest. The ayah is telling us, in
words that are as clear as the sun, that when the wives of
disbelieveing men embrace the faith, they can no longer tolerate to
remain living with their husbands, and so they may eventually emigrate
to seek asylum with faithful men. The faithful swear an OATH to take
these women under their wing, because they no longer have anyone to care
for them. Technically these women are now "committed by OATH". This is
an example of "ma malakat aymanukum". The faithfull men can marry these women, if they mutually agree, but they must pay back the dowries to their original husbands.
The law established in 60:10 constitutes the ONLY instance wherein a faithful man can marry an already married woman.
The explanation to the ayahs that puzzled you in 4:24 is found in 60:10.
slave girls/ women -rape? claim**
Mutual Admiration and Mahr Required
4 :24- Besides, *[9] married women, except for those who are entitled to your oaths/agreements...
These are the laws that Allah has made obligatory upon you. Other than these, that you live chastely, do not commit adultery and
It is permissible for you with their mahr.**[10]
pay their dues. While fulfilling this obligation, you have a mutual agreement to set the mahr.
there is no problem. GOD is Knowing, Wise.
*4:24 Sexual intercourse with Concubine without / without marriage contract
is adultery.
[9] * 4:24 The expression "Ma malaket eymanukum" is traditionally translated as "yourright hands posses
It is translated as "those under man's control".
understood as concubines. This traditional understanding contradicts other verses of the Qur'an. Because the Qur'an
considers slavery as a custom of the polytheists and forbids it (79:24; 12:39-42; 90:13; 4:25). Interesting
As an example of elaboration, the plural of the word "YAMIN" in this expression, "EYMAN" is constantly used in the Qur'an.
It is used in the sense of "contracts, oaths". (2:224-225; 3:77; 4:33; 5:53, , 108; 6:109; 9:12-
13; 16:38, 92, 94; 24:53; 35:42; 58:16; 63:2; 66:2;) So the phrase can be translated as:
"the persons to whom your contracts are entitled," or "who have rights over your contracts"
what you are" or, if we read EYMAN (contracts) as a complement rather than a subject, then:
"who owns your contracts"
Marriage, as a rule, is a contract and announcement event that occurs with the approval and participation of both parties' families.
A married woman cannot be married without her husband's divorce. However, her husband was at war with the Muslims.
If a Muslim woman who is in the ranks of the enemies immigrates to the country of the Muslims, she will marry that woman.
one can marry by making a contract (60:10). In this case, the woman is from her husband, who is in the enemy's side.
considered legally divorced. Agreement with him, normal marriage
This relationship is described with such an expression because it is different from the agreement. This is his wife's enemy.
It is also the case for men who are on the side of the Muslims and migrate to the country of Muslims. Look: 24:31 and
33:55. The same expression is used for a person who works for someone else by contract. See: 16:71; 30:28. Moreover
see: 4:25, 36; 23:6; 24:58; 33:50; 33:52; 70:30).
** According to verse 4:24: It is haram to marry a woman with her aunt or aunt.
is not.
[10] ** 4:24 After our Lord stated in 14 articles about close relatives who are forbidden to marry,
It clearly states that other than those listed are halal. However, hadith, sunnah and madhhab
their book, with a slander against the prophet, adding another article to them, and the sentence in 4:24
they deny. Claiming that it is haram to marry a woman with her aunt or aunt.
those who accuse Allah of forgetfulness and who also convey the Qur'an to us. by edip yüksel
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